美国2016财年基础与应用研究预算重点与趋势分析

Analysis on the focus and trend of American basic and applied research budget in fiscal year 2016

本文简要分析了美国联邦政府2016财年财政预算案中的基础与应用研究预算重点，以及近年来研发预算的变化趋势。分析结果发现，2016财年预算案的总额和赤字基本与2015财年基本持平，研发预算有所增长，三大基础研究机构的预算总和继续保持增加趋势，多项重要跨机构研究计划都得到了充足的资金支持，资金重点投入领域包括：商业、能源和交通，以及环境和基础科学（力度比不上前三者）。总结了联邦政府对研发预算进行调控的主要方法，包括：加大对重点领域的投入，削弱非重点领域支出的方法，将促进经济增长作为核心，同时利用财政政策加强重点领域的投资，使联邦财政进入“整顿-稳固-改善”的良性轨道。

Our paper analyzes the focus and trend of the USA basic and applied research R＆D budget in fiscal year 2016. It is found out that the totals and deficit of the federal budget in fiscal year 2016 is almost fiat from the fiscal year 2015, and in the meanwhile, R＆D budget in 2016 increases, thereinto, the total budget of the three key basic research institutions keeps increasing and a wide range of important inter-agency research programs gets ample federal funding. The funding focuses on commerce, energy, transport, environment and basic science. The federal government manages the R＆D budget mainly by increasing the investment in priority areas and decreasing the budget of non-priority ones. During the process, economic growth is the key target, and the investment in key areas is strengthened by financial policies to reach the expected cycle of “consolidation -solidification - improvement”.