第30届伦敦奥运会投掷项目运动员年龄结构与竞技表现研究

The 30th London Olympic Games athletes Throwing Event age Structure And Athletic Performance

通过文献资料调研、数理统计法、分析归纳法对第30届奥运会投掷项目前12名参赛运动员的竞技年龄从结构、性别、项目特征等进行统计分析。结果表明:在25-30岁和31岁以上年龄段是夺取金、银、铜的主要年龄段;投掷项目运动员年龄呈现出"大龄"化特征,平均年龄为28岁。30岁以上运动员人数增加较快,在28-32岁年龄段女子的一些身体指标又达到一个高峰期;运动员年龄差异比较大,差异为男子21岁,女子16岁,并且体现出"老将级"运动员一直征战赛场的一种可贵精神;运动员的平均年龄在25.18-31.58岁之间,其中男子为29.06岁,女子为27岁,即链球项目(29.29岁)>铁饼项目(28.58岁)>铅球项目(27.17岁)>标枪项目(27.08岁),投掷项目特征决定了运动员年龄变化阶段。运动员年龄呈上升化趋势,越来越多的30岁以上的"老运动员"参与奖牌的竞争;当今世界优秀田径运动员的年龄有增大的趋势,并且女子运动员的增大幅度大于男子运动员。

Through literature, mathematical statistics method, analysis and induction on the 30th Olympic Games before throwing project from 12 athletes competitive age structure, sex, project characteristics were analyzed. Results show that at the age of 25 to 30 and 31 years of age or older age group is the main age group win gold, silver, copper; throwing project shows the characteristics of ＂older＂ athletes age, average age is 28. Over 30 athletes increase faster, at 28, 32 years old age woman, some physical indexes reaches a peak; Athletes age difference is larger, difference of men＇s 21 years old, female 16 years old, and reflects the ＂veteran＂ athletes have been for a kind of precious spirit; Between the average age of the athletes at the age of 25.18 - 31.58, the man was 29.06 years, 27, is a girl, the hammer project （ 29.29 ） 〉 （ 28.58 ） 〉discus shot put project （ 27.08 ）, （ 27.17 ） 〉 javelin project throwing item characteristic determines the athletes age phases. Athletes＇ age on the rise tendency, more and more over the age of 30 ＂old athletes＂ participate in the competition of MEDALS; the world＇s outstanding track and field athletes＇ age has a tendency to increase, and the increase rate of the female athletes than male athletes. Key wards： The Olympic Games; Throwing athletest; Age structure; Athletic performance