地形对闽江流域上游福建省将乐县森林景观空间格局的影响

Effects of Topography on Spatial Patterns of Forest Landscape in the Upstream District of Minjiang River:A Case Study in Jiangle of Fujian Province

揭示闽江流域上游地区地形因子对森林景观空间分布格局的影响规律,以将乐县为研究对象,分别对不同地貌、不同坡度和不同坡向3种地形因子梯度下的森林景观格局变化进行定量分析。结果表明:研究区以低山、陡坡为主,分别占林地的49.81%和62.34%;随海拔和坡度增加,景观类型面积、景观形状指数和香农多样性指数呈先增加后减少趋势,而最大斑块指数和连接度指数则相反;针叶纯林主要分布在低山、陡坡和半阳坡;竹类纯林集中分布在海拔较高的中山地段;地形因子中影响森林景观格局的主要控制因素是坡度,其次是地貌,而坡向的影响相对较弱。

In order to reveal the effects of topographical factors on the forest landscape pattern in the upstream district of Minjiang River,this paper taking Jiangle county as the study area to quantitatively analyze the forest landscape pattern changes under different topographical factors,such as landform,slope,and aspect. The results showed that low mountain and steep slope were distributed widely in the study area,accounting for 49. 81% and 62. 34% of the woodland,respectively. The values of landscape indices,such as class area,landscape shape index and Shannon＇s diversity index firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of the altitudes and the slopes. But the largest patch index and connectance index decreased firstly with the increase of the altitudes and the slopes,then increased. In terms of different categories of forest landscapes,the coniferous forest was mainly distributed in the low mountain,steep slope and half- sunny slope,while the bamboo pure forest concentrated in the middle mountain area with high altitude. Slope was the major factor affecting the forest landscape pattern among the terrain factors,followed by physiognomy and aspect.