Forsus矫治器对青少年下颌后缩患者上气道结构的影响

Upper airway changes after Forsus appliance treatments in adolescents with mandibular retrusion

目的探讨青少年下颌后缩患者经Forsus矫治器矫治后上气道的矢状径改变及稳定性。方法选取25例生长期下颌后缩病例为实验组,应用Forsus矫治器配合直丝弓固定矫治。对照组为25例骨性Ⅰ类错病例,直丝弓固定矫治。选取治疗前(T0)、治疗后(T1)、生长发育结束后(T2)的头颅侧位片,测量并比较两组上气道矢状径的变化。结果实验组治疗前腭咽间隙[(10.4±2.2)mm]、舌咽间隙[(10.3±1.8)mm]及喉咽间隙[(13.3±2.3)mm]均显著小于对照组(P<0.05),经治疗后实验组腭咽间隙[(12.4±2.2)mm]、舌咽间隙[(11.6±1.7)mm]及喉咽间隙[(16.1±2.2)mm]均显著增大(P<0.05),与对照组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),同时这种变化稳定地保持到生长发育结束。结论对青少年下颌后缩患者,Forsus矫治器可增大上气道矢状径,同时矫治效果稳定。

Objective To explore the changes and their stabilities in the upper airway sagittal dimensions after Forsus appliance treatments in adolescents with mandibular retrusion. Methods 25 mandibular retrusion adolescents were treated with Forsus appliance in combination with fixed appliance as experimental group. 25 skeletal Class Ⅰ adolescents were treated with fixed appliance as control group. The cephalometrics analyses were performed before treatments（T0）, after treatments（T1） and at the completion of growth（T2）. Upper airway sagittal dimensions were compared between the two groups. Results The lengths of the palatopharyngeal（10.4±2.2 mm）, glossapharyngeal [（10.3±1.8）mm]and laryngopharyngeal [（13.3±2.3）mm] regions were significantly smaller in experimental group before treatments when compared to control group（P〈0.05）. After treatments, the experimental group had significantly increased palatopharyngeal [（12.4±2.2）mm], glossapharyngeal [（11.6±1.7）mm] and laryngopharyngeal [（16.1±2.2）mm] airway dimensions（ P〈0. 05）, which became similar to those of the control group（P〉0.05）, and this changes were maintained until the completion of growth. Conclusion Forsus appliance can increase the upper airway sagittal dimensions in growing adolescents with mandibular retrusion, and this effect is stable.