老年患者常见西药不良反应与防治措施

Common western medicine adverse reaction and control measures in elderly patients

目的对老年患者常见的西药不良反应进行分析,对其防治措施进行探讨。方法选择2013年5月-2015年5月我院使用西药出现不良反应的老年患者70例,采用回顾性分析的方法对患者的临床资料进行分析,对不良反应的表现和防治措施进行总结。结果老年患者常见的西药不良反应有以下几种：全身性损害为32.86%、皮肤组织和黏膜组织损害25.71%、体位性低血压14.29%,以及耳毒症、精神症状、肝肾功能损害、尿潴留等损害。在给药途径方面,以静脉滴注为主（74.29%）;在药物类型方面,以抗菌药物为主（35.71%）。结论老年患者常见的不良反应比较多,其预防措施可以从加强医生专业技能、个性化用药、选择合适的联合药物等方面来进行。

Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions of Western medicine in elderly patients, and to explore the preventive and treatment measures. Methods A total of 70 cases of elderly patients with adverse drug reactions in our hospital from May 2013 to May 2015 were selected, and the clinical data were analyzed retrospectively, and the adverse reactions and treatment measures were summarized. Results The adverse reactions of patients included systemic damage（32.86%）, skin tissue and mucous membrane tissue damage（25.71%）, postural hypotension（14.29%）, and the symptoms of ear virus, psychiatric symptoms, liver function damage, urinary retention. The route of administration was given by intravenous infusion（74.29%）; the drug types were mainly（35.71%）. Conclusion The elderly patients with adverse reactions of western medicine, prevention measures include strengthening the professional skills of doctors, personalized medicine, choose the appropriate combination of drugs.