论城镇化中的土地征收问题与法律制度完善

On the Problems of Land Expropriation And Improvement of Law System in Urbanization

我国城镇化中的建设用地基本上是通过征收农民集体土地来满足的。但在城镇化中,土地征收存在诸多侵害被征地农民权益的现实问题,纠其原因,虽有相关法律制度执行问题,更重要的还是土地征收法律制度本身不完善。不完善的主要表现是土地征收的基本法律依据不完善,土地征收法律制度之间及其与现实需要之间有矛盾,土地征收补偿范围窄、计算依据不合理、标准低,征地补偿分配不合理,对失地农民安置方式单一,土地征收程序不完善等。土地征收法律制度可以通过在宪法中明确土地征收公平补偿原则、制定专门的《土地征收法》,重构土地征收法律制度体系予以完善。

Land use in urbanization process in China is generally realized by expropriating farmers＇ collective land. However,in the process of urbanization,there are many practical problems on the infringements of the farmers＇ rights and interests with land- lost in land expropriation. The reason not only lies in the enforcement of relevant law system,but more importantly,in the imperfection of law system of land expropriation. The main manifestations of such imperfection are as follows： the incomplete of legal basis and process of land expropriation; the contracts between law system of land expropriation and its requirement in practical; the narrow scope of compensation; unreasonable calculation and unjustifiable distribution in land expropriation; the single allocation to peasants with land-lost; the imperfection of process of land expropriation,and the like. Law system of land expropriation can be improved by establishing a clear principle of just compensation for land expropriation in constitution,developing specific land expropriation laws and rebuilding the law system of land expropriation.