粤语喻母字中的喉擦音声母

On the Glottal Fricative of the MC “yu”Initial in Cantonese

粤方言部分喻母开口字读喉擦音,与喻母字的近音及零声母呈互补分布兼叠置分布状态。从分布比例及谐声材料看,喻母字的喉擦音是云母、以母合流于近音之后形成的,并不是云母、匣母作为喉擦音对以母产生"类化"的结果。有材料显示,粤语喻母喉擦音与壮语r声类存在对应,为r声类演变规则制约下形成的台语底层成分,是汉语与壮语接触形成的石化现象之一。这个声母的演进过程与衰变趋势分别受制于台语和汉语的音变规则,与自主音变相区别,属于内部音变中的受控音变。

Some words of the ancient initial category yu （喻） are pronounced as glottal fricativesin some Yue dialects. This initial and another palatal approximant are in complementary distributionwith each other or overlap each other in some regions. Data illustrated in this paper show that thisphonetic type must have evolved in Cantonese after the yun （云） group had merged with the yi （以）group. It may not be an analogical variation effected by the phonetic feature of yun （喻） and xiao （晓）groups earlier than Middle Chinese. Many corpuses indicate that the glottal fricative of Cantonese in yi（以） has a regular correspondence with R initial category in the Zhuang Language, so it might be asubstratum from the Proto-Tai Languages, which is constricted by the evolution rules of initial R.This is a kind of phonetic fossilization induced by language contacts, and its emergence and decay o-verall comply with the sound change rules of Tai Languages and Chinese respectively. The fricativiza-tion of yu （喻） initial group in Cantonese should belong to a controlled sound change, which is whollydifferent from the independent change, another kind of internal sound changes.