湘语见溪群母的语音格局与历史演变

The Phonetic Structure and Historical Evolution of Initials“jian”,“xi”and“qun”in Xiang Dialects

湘语古见溪群母字的今读比较复杂。从共时层面来看,见溪群的读音可以分为长沙型、城步型、湘乡型、娄底型、涟源型、衡山型、长乐型、祁阳型、株洲型等若干种类型。从历史音变来看,湘语见溪群三母比较特殊的演变类型有:一是t、th、d式音变,此类型主要发生在湘乡、双峰、韶山、娄底;二是、h式音变,此类型主要发生在衡山与衡东;三是、h式音变,此类型主要发生在涟源的桥头河一带;四是?、?h式音变,主要发生在涟源(蓝田)、邵阳(长乐)一带。湘语见溪群母的演变模式与赣方言有许多共同的地方,这可能反映了这几种方言之间的历史渊源关系。

The synchronic phonetic structures of initials ＂jian＂ （见）, ＂xi＂ （溪） and ＂qun＂ （群） inXiang dialects are very complicated. Geographically, they can be classified into a number of catego-ries i.e. the Changsha category, the Chengbu category, the Xiangxiang category, etc. From the dia-chronic point of view, there are mainly four important evolutionary types. The first type have changedto alveolar plosives. The second type have changed to palatal plosives. The third type have changed toretroflex plosives. The fourth type have changed to retroflex affricates. The evolutionary types ofthese initials in Xiang dialects share some similarities with those in Gan dialects, which may reflectcertain historical relationships between these dialects.