失败经验是把“双刃剑”?项目失败经验与产品创新性的关系研究

Is Failure Experience A “Double-edged Sword”?The Relationship between Prior Project Failure Experience and Product Innovativeness

产品创新性是新产品开发项目成功的重要标准。既有研究发现新产品开发团队领导的先前经验是产品创新性的重要决定因素,但研究结论相反。一个原因是没有区分先前经验的来源,例如成功经验和失败经验;另一个原因是没有同时检验先前经验的正向和负向影响。据此,研究以新产品开发项目为研究情景,探索项目失败经验对产品创新性的非线性影响,合并考察交互记忆系统三个维度在此非线性关系中的中介作用。研究发现,项目失败经验对产品创新性、团队专业性有倒U型影响;项目失败经验对团队协作性有正向影响,对团队可靠性无显著影响;团队专业性在项目失败经验与产品创新性之间的倒U型关系中起部分中介作用;团队协作性和团队可靠性未发挥中介作用。探讨了研究结果的理论贡献与实践价值。

Product innovativeness is a critical criterion of New Product Development（NPD）success.Existing studies suggest that prior experience of NPD team leader is a determinant of product innovativeness,while the empirical results have been quite opposite.A potential reason is that existing studies seldom distinguish the source of prior experience,that is prior successful experience and prior failure experience.Another reason is that existing studies have not examined both positive and negative effects of prior experience simultaneously.To address these gaps,this paper explores the nonlinear effects of prior project failure experience（PPFE）on product innovativeness,and examines the mediating role of the three dimensions of transactive memory system.It is found PPFE had an inverted U-shaped effect on product innovativeness and specialization of NPD team.Counter to our expectations,PPFE had positive effects on collaboration of NPD team,and had no significant effects on reliability of NPD team.Specialization of NPD team played a partial mediating role on the inverted U-shaped relations between PPFE and product innovativeness.The mediating effects of collaboration and reliability of NPD team were not detected.The theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed.