1Hundal RS, Krssak M, Dufour S, et al. Mechanism by which metformin reduces glucose production in type 2 diabetes[J]. Diabetes, 2000,49 (12) .. 2063-2069.
2Bailey C J, Turner RC. Metformin[J]. N EnglJ Med,1996, 334(9) :574-579.
3Saenz A, Fernandez-Esteban I, Mataix A, et al. Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus [ J ]. CochraneDatabase Syst Rev,2005,20(3):CD002966.
4Chin JT, Troke J J, Kimura N, et al. A novel cardioprotective agent in cardiac transplantation: metformin activation of AMP- activated protein kinase decreases acute ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic rejection[J]. Yale J Biol Med,2011,84(4): 423-432.
5Calvert JW, Gundewar S, Jha S, et al. Acute metformin therapy confers cardioprotection against myocardial infarction via AMPK-eNOS-mediated signaling [J ]. Diabetes, 2008, 57 (3) :696-705.
6UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34)[J]. Lancet,1998,352(9131) :854-865.
7Roumie CL, Hung AM, Greevy RA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of sulfonylurea and metformin monotherapy on cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cohort study[J]. Ann Intern Med,2012,157(9) :601-610.
8Schramm TK, Gislason GH Vaag A, et al. Mortality and cardiovascular risk associated with different insulin secretagogues compared with metformin in type 2 diabetes, with or without a previous myocardial infarction: a nationwide study[J]. Eur Heart J,2011,32(15), 1900-1908.
9Ghotbi AA, Kober L, Finer N, et al. Association of hypoglycemic treatment regimens with cardiovascular outcomes in overweight and obese subjects with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of the SCOUT trial[J]. Diabetes Care, 2013,36(11) : 3746-3753.
10Paul SK, Klein K, Majeed A, et al. Association of smoking and concomitant use of metformin with cardiovascular events and mortality in people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes [J]. J Diabetes,2015,[-Epub ahead of print].
3L,Abbate A. Large and micro coronary vascular involvement indiabetes[J]. Pharmacol Rep,2005 ,57(Suppl) :3-9.
4WHO. WHO call for interest for development of HbAi c testssuitable for low and middle income countries [EB/OL]. [2012-09-20]. http://www. who. int/diabetes action online/diabetes/basics/en/indexl. html.
5Misra M. SGLT2 inhibitors: a promising new therapeuticoption for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus[J]. J PharmPharmacol,201365(3). 317-327.
6Bailey CJ,Gross JL, Pieters A, et al. Effect of dapagliflozin inpatients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemiccontrol with metformin: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J], Lancet.2010,375(9733) :2223-2233.
7Bolinder J, Ljunggren 0,Kullber g J,et al. Effects ofdapagliflozin on body weight,total fat mass,and regionaladipose tissue distribution in patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus with inadequate glycemic control on metformin[J]. JClin Endocrinol Metab,2012,97(3) :1020-1031.
8Henry RR,Murray AV, Marmolejo MH, et al. Dapagliflozin,metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2diabetes* a randomised controlled trial [ J]. Int J Clin Pract,2012,66(5):446-456.
9Ljunggren 0 Bolinder J, Johansson L, et al. Dapagliflozin hasno effect on markers of bone formation and resorption or bonemineral density in patients with inadequately controlled type 2diabetes mellitus on metformin [J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2012,14(11):990-999.
10Bailey CJ,Gross JL, Hennicken D,et al. Dapagliflozin add-on tometformin in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled withmetformin: a randomized.double-blind, placebo-controlled 102-week trial[J]. BMC Med,2013,11(1) :43.
