不同水肥调控对玉米叶片酶活性及逆境生理指标的影响

Effects of Different Water and Fertilizer Regulations on Leaf Enzyme Activities and Physiological Indexes in Adversity of Maize

为进一步探讨科学合理的水肥措施对玉米生产影响的理论基础,本试验设置了W1(2 250m3/hm2)与W2(4 500 m3/hm2)两个灌水水平和不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(NF)、施控释肥(SF)与自配复混肥(MF)4个施肥水平,共8个处理,研究其对玉米叶片酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性及逆境生理指标(Pro、MDA)的影响。结果表明:全生育期玉米叶片SOD、CAT活性趋势一致,多在吐丝期(个别处理在灌浆期)达到最高,随后急剧下降,POD活性趋势与之相近,但后期降幅较缓;相同灌水水平下,施控释肥(SF)的CAT、SOD活性显著高于NF(常规施肥)与MF(自配复混肥),POD活性受施肥影响不显著;游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量W1水平下大喇叭口期最高,W2水平下吐丝期最高,受水分因子影响显著高于肥料。本试验中W2灌溉水平下施用缓控释肥为玉米生产水肥调控最佳模式。

To further explore the theoretical basis of scientific and reasonable water and fertilizer measures on maize production,2 irrigation levels,W1（ 2 250 m^3/ hm^2） and W2（ 4 500 m^3/ hm^2）,and 4 fertilization programs,CK（ no fertilizer）,NF（ conventional fertilization）,SF（ controlled release fertilizer） and MF（ self- made fertilizer）,were set to study the effects of 8 treatments on the activities of leaf enzymes（ SOD,POD,CAT） and physiological indexes in adversity（ Pro,MDA）. The results showed that the leaf SOD and CAT activity had the consistent change trend during the whole growth period and reached the highest at the silking stage（ individual treatment at the filling stage）,followed by a sharp decline. The activity of POD had the similar trend with a slow fall. At the same irrigation level,the CAT,SOD activities under SF treatment were significantly higher than those of NF and MF treatments,and the effect of fertilization on POD activity was not significant. The Pro content treated with W1 was the highest at the bell stage,that treated with W2 was the highest at the silking stage and it was more affected by moisture than fertilizer. The optimum model of water and fertilizer regulation for maize was W2 with SF.