博弈的设计:面向土地发展权共享的空间治理

DESIGNING THE GAME: A NEW PATTERN OF SPATIAL GOVERNANCE TOWARD THE SHARING OF LAND DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS

面对空间资源趋向匮乏、产权交易日益频繁的现实情景,土地再开发的制度设计成为新一轮"存量规划"的核心工具。目前,我国的土地发展权存在城乡分割、垄断竞争、公民权利边缘化的问题。土地交易的"市场经济"对应土地分配的"计划经济",导致空间开发陷入既得利益积累的无限循环。针对发展权垄断造成的空间蔓延,政府应设立城市增长边界,剥离地方政府经营土地的职能,强化价值规律对资源的配置作用。同时,进一步明确公共利益的法律定义,加快公众参与的立法赋权。最终,通过土地发展权的共享,实现空间权利的"社会共治"。

Considering the reality of gradually scarce spatial resources and the increasingly frequent property transactions, institutional design of land redevelopment becomes the core tool in the new round of ＂Stock Planning＂. At present, inequalities are found in China＇s Land Development Rights （LDRs） between urban and rural areas, as well as problems like monopoly competition, and the marginalization of civil rights. When land transactions under ＂market economy＂ corresponding to the land allocation comply with ＂planned economy＂, spatial development was easily caught in the infinite cycle of accumulation of spatial vested interests. Aimed at solving the space spread which is mainly caused by the monopoly of LDRs, this paper strongly argues that government should set up the boundary of urban growth, peel off the function of land marketing of local governments, and strengthen the force of the market value law. Meanwhile, government should dug deeper into the legal definition of public interest, speed up the process of legislative empowerment of public participation. Finally, through the sharing of land developmentrights, social governance of space right will be realized.