哈大高铁对区域可达性影响及空间格局演变

IMPACT OF HARBIN-DALIAN HIGH-SPEED RAIL ON REGIONAL ACCESSIBILITY AND EVOLUTION OF SPATIAL PATTERN

东北地区首条高速铁路开通前后,其空间格局发生了巨大变化,空间重组与区域联动日益加深。利用可达性模型,选取加权平均旅行时间、经济潜力和日常可达性作为主要评价指标,测度了哈大高铁运营前后沿线城市可达性的动态变化,进而探讨这种变化对东北地区空间格局的影响,研究表明:哈大高铁的运营使沿线城市的可达性得到明显改善,加权平均旅行时间减少程度均在60%左右,城市经济潜力值提升幅度均在115%以上,铁岭、四平与沈阳的提升幅度最为显著,城际日常可达性则由于时间距离的高度压缩而日趋紧密。城市可达性的变化加速了东北地区空间格局的渐变与重塑,哈大高铁轴带的空间极化现象将进一步提升,新的"中心—边缘"格局体系初露端倪,传统的区域空间格局被打破,空间分化与组合日趋复杂;近域大城市空间整合与同城效应显现,偏居一隅的高铁新城带来城市空间结构的"离心化"与"多中心"网络化。

At the time when Northeast China launched its first high-speed rail, great changes had taken place in its spatial pattern： spatial restructuring and regional linkage were increasingly deepened. Based on accessibility model, the article selects weighted average travel time, economic potential and daily accessibility as its main evaluation indicators, to measure the dynamic changes of cities＇ accessibility before and after Harbin-Dalian highspeed rail, based on which it moves on to discuss the influence of such changes on the spatial pattern of Northeast China. Results show that： the launching of Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail has dramatically improved the accessibility of cities; the weighted average travel time reduced by about 60%; the urbaneconomic potential rose by above 115% especially in Tieling, Siping and Shenyang; inter-city daily accessibility improved greatly due to the shortened time and distance. The changes of urban accessibility accelerated the gradual changes and reshaping of the spatial pattern in Northeast China. The spatial polarization of Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail shaft will get further enhanced; a new pattern of ＂centeredge＂ system appeared, the traditional pattern of regional space was broken; the spatial differentiation and combination became increasingly complex. The spatial integration of near-field cities and regional coordinating effects appeared; high-speed rail metro located in the edge of cities the spatial structure into a center network pattern. contributed to evolving centrifugal and multicenter network pattem.