乌鲁木齐市城区机动车大气污染物排放特征

Vehicle exhausts emission characteristics in urban Urumqi

对乌鲁木齐市城区车辆信息(包括车流量和车辆构成、车辆控制技术水平、车辆行驶工况、车辆启动分布等)进行调研和测试,并根据IVE模型计算得到机动车污染物排放清单,获得分车型、燃料类型及启动/运行方式的机动车污染物排放分担率.结果表明:2011年乌鲁木齐市机动车CO、NO_x、HC和PM的排放量分别为20.22×104、2.60×104、1.84×104和0.44×10~4t·a^(-1),机动车污染物排放分担率差别显著,乘用车、公交车和重型货车是CO和HC主要排放源;重型货车和乘用车是NO_x的主要排放源;重型货车是PM的主要排放源.汽油车是CO和HC排放的主要来源,柴油车是NO_x和PM排放的主要来源,天然气车各类污染物排放量均较低.控制柴油重型货车是消减机动车污染物排放的重要方式.

In this paper, the vehicle data including vehicle volume and distribution, control technology levels, driving patterns, and start-up patterns were investigated in the urban area of Urumqi. Based on this data, the vehicle emission inventory, the vehicle emission contribution rates of vehicle type, fuel type and start-up patterns were analyzed by using the IVE model. It was obtainedthat the total vehicle emissions of CO, NO,, HC and PM were 20.22, 2.60,1.84 and 4.4 million tons respectively in 2011 of Urumqi city. The results showed that there were significant differences in the emission contributions among different vehicle types： passenger car, bus and heavy truck were the main source CO and HC emissions, heavy truck and passenger car were the main source NOx emissions, and heavy truck were the major contributions of PM; gasoline vehicle was the main source of CO and HC emissions, diesel vehicle was the main source of NOx and PM emissions, while natural gas vehicle emissions of various pollutants were lower. Control of diesel truck is an important way to reduce vehicle emissions.