基于主轴空运行自激励的数控机床激励方法

Approach for exciting CNC machine tools based on spindle movement active excitation

针对工作台空运行自激励难以对机床主轴进行有效激励的问题,提出一种基于主轴空运行自激励的数控机床激励方法,主要利用主轴旋转过程中产生的偏心冲击力对机床进行激励,尤其是对主轴部分进行激励.对主轴空运行自激励运动方式进行了设计,同时对设计过程中可能存在的影响激励效果的因素进行分析,主要针对主轴空运行自激励方式设计中冲击速度的选取以及不同刀具对激励效果的影响进行实验分析.相对于工作台空运行自激励,该方法可以对机床主轴结构进行有效激励;而相对于敲击实验方法,主轴空运行自激励是在机床运动状态下进行的,能更准确反映机床结构在工作状态下的动态特性.

Aimed at the machine tools spindle being difficult to be excited by worktable movement ac- tive excitation, a new approach for exciting computer numerical control （CNC） machine tools based on spindle movement active excitation was proposed in this paper. This method excited the machine tools structure especially for spindle by using the eccentric impact force which generated in the process of spindle rotating. The motion of spindle movement active excitation was designed and the influencing factor of excitation in design process of motion was analyzed. The effect of impact speed and different cutting tools to excitation was analyzed through experiment. Compared to worktable movement active excitation, the spindle movement active excitation is able to excite the spindle effectively. Compared to impact test, this method is able to reflect the dynamics of machine tools in operation accurately.