少数民族习惯权利的法律保障与政策选择

Legal Protection and Political Preference on the Customary Rights of Minority Nationalities

少数民族习惯权利保护只有被置于国家现代化的总体语境中方能得到准确定位,建国60多年来的少数民族问题实践确立了少数民族特殊性与国家现代化的二元辩证格局,一方面要在发展中处理少数民族问题,另一方面要充分正视少数民族自身的历史文化特色。在少数民族习惯权利保护机制方面,国家通过各层级立法提供了习惯权利的确认、维护和救济机制,这些机制是民族问题实践经验的法制化;此外,尊重、保留少数民族习惯权利的民间秩序,也是国家法治与现代化的组成部分。在未来少数民族习惯权利保障的政策选择中,应当遵循习惯权利与国家现代性相平衡、习惯权利与形式法制相统一和文化保护与文化交流相协调这三项原则。

The customary rights of minority nationalities should be protected in the modernized context. The more than60-years-practice on the issue of the minority nationalities has formed a dual style featured with the peculiarities of the minorities and the national modernization,that is to handle the issues of the minority nationalities in the developing process,on the one hand,and to maintain the cultural and historical characteristics,on the other. In the protective mechanism of the customary rights of minority nationalities, the state confirms, preserves and secures the customary rights of minority nationalities through the several level legislation. Moreover,the civil order of the minority nationalities has been respected and conserved in the modernized process. In the future policy choice,the paper proposes such the following ＂fusions＂as the preserving the customary rights and the national modernization,the legal system and the customary rights,the cultural exchanges and the cultural protection.