近现代历史音/像的音乐人类学解读

An Interpretation of Modern Audio and Photo Historical Materials from the Perspective of Anthropology of Music

以人类学为视角的物质文化研究,是以交叉学科的方法,关注作为研究对象的"物"以及环绕"物"的人及其事务(thing)的关系,包括制作材料、背景、历史、保存和文化诠释等内容。本文以此视角,通过哈佛燕京学社收藏的赫达·莫里森摄于1930年代老北京的照片档案,以及奥地利国家音响档案馆收藏的芬兰语言学家兰司铁于1909年采录的蒙古声音档案等近现代历史音像的研究案例,讨论以物质文化体现的历史图像及历史录音自身,作为"历史场所"的档案意义,以及档案背后的人与人、人与社会、人与历史的关系。

Studies of material cultures through the perspective of anthropology are cross - disciplinary stud- ies. Such cross - disciplinary research method focuses on the relation between the ＂objects＂ （ object of re- search） and the people and ＂thing＂ that are related with the objects; and it consists of materials for produc- tion, background, history, preservation and interpretation of cultural contents. Through this perspective, this paper conducts a case study of the old Beijing photo archives taken by Hedda Morrison in the 1930s which was kept in Harvard -Yenching Institute, and the modern historical audio archives such as the Mon- golia sound files recorded by Finnish linguist Ramstedt which were kept in the Austrian National Sound Ar- chives. To be specific, the paper explores the archival significance of historical photos and sounds as the material carrier of history, and the interpersonal relations, the relation between man and society, and the relation between man and history, which are embedded in the historical photos and sounds.