未经被保险人同意的死亡保险合同效力研究

On the Validity of Insurance Contracts Conditioned by the Death of the Insured Without the Insured's Consent

我国《保险法》第34条规定,未经被保险人同意的死亡保险合同无效;审判实务中,无效的后果有三种:保险人全额返还保险费;保险人承担主要赔偿责任;保险人承担缔约过失的全额赔偿责任。第一种观点未考虑到保险人的履行;第二种观点忽略了投保人没有过错的情形;第三种观点虽可接受,但缔约过失理论能否对此进行解释尚存疑问。将未经被保险人同意的死亡保险合同认定无效,不符合比例原则中的必要性和相称性标准。将其作为效力未定合同更为合宜,该合同的最终效力须根据具体情况确定。

According to article 34 of Chinese Insurance Law,the insurance contracts conditioned by th death of the insured are void without the insured's consent.In trial,the consequences of void insurance contract include;returning all premium,insurer's main liability for damages and contracting fault liability of insurer.The opinion of returning all premium does not consider the fulfilling of the insurer.The opinion which insurer assumes main liability overlooks the fact that the applicant has no fault.The consequence that contracting fault liability of insurer is acceptable,but the theory to explain the consequence is in doubt.As a void contract,the insurance contracts conditioned by the death of the insured can't meet the standards of necessity and harmony in the Principle of Proportionality.The effectiveness of the contract should be suspended.It's final effect shall be determined according to the specific situation.