锰氧化细菌研究进展

Advance in Studies of Manganese Oxidizing Bacteria

能够将离子存在的Mn^(2+)氧化成为可沉淀的高价锰(Mn^(3+)、Mn^(4+)等)的锰氧化细菌广泛存在于大自然中。锰氧化细菌不仅参与海洋锰结核的形成,在海洋锰元素的循环中起着举足轻重的作用,而且能够氧化游离的锰离子,吸附多种重金属,控制其在环境中的转化和迁移,修复环境中重金属的污染和氧化降解多种有机污染物。文章主要就国内外对锰氧化细菌的鉴定方法、分类、生物作用、氧化机制、氧化抑制剂以及相关的氧化酶等的研究进展进行了总结,同时提出了锰氧化细菌研究中存在的问题,并对进一步的研究作了展望。

Manganese oxidizing bacteria widely occur in nature, which can oxide Mn^（2 ＋）ions to high manganese oxide（Mn^（3＋）,Mn^（4＋）,etc.）. Manganese oxidizing bacteria not only involved in the formation of the ocean manganese nodules, which played an important role in the cycle of marine manganese element, but also could oxide free manganese ions, adsorb heavy metal, control their transformation and migration,restore the heavy metal pollution and degrade many organic pollutants by oxidation in the environment.This paper mainly reviewed the advances in the studies on the identification methods, classification,biological function, oxidation mechanism, oxidation inhibitor and related oxidases of manganese oxidizing bacteria at home and abroad. The problems existed in the research of manganese oxidizing bacteria were also put forward. Finally, the future study was prospected in this paper.