论目的论思想的发展、批判与超越——从亚里士多德、黑格尔到马克思

Development,Critique and Transcending of Teleology——From Aristotle,Hagel to Karl Marx

亚里士多德通过"四因"说确立起的目的论思想为哲学思想发展做出巨大贡献。黑格尔通过否定的辩证法为目的论思想提供了严密的逻辑论证,但由于绝对精神最终目的的虚无性,最终使其哲学囿于形而上学之中。马克思从主体和目的两方面对目的论思想进行了批判和改造,认为目的理性是现实的人所特有的自觉能动性,最终通过现实的人的实践劳动成功改造和超越了从亚里士多德到黑格尔的传统目的论思想的桎梏,启蒙了现代哲学发展。

Aristotle has made a great contribution to the development of philosophy with his Four Cause Theory in which the Teleology has been established .Hagel provides a rigorous logical argument for the Teleology theory with his dialectical thinking .But because of the nothingness of absolute spirit of the ultimate aim , Hegel’s philosophical theory is seen as a metaphysics .From the perspective of the subject and purpose , Karl Marx made a critique for the Teleology and has transcended Hagel and Aristotle to free modern philosophy theory from prejudice or superstition .