南方红壤丘陵强度侵蚀区不同治理措施的土壤质量评价

Assessment of Soil Qualities under Different Management Measures in the Severe Red Soil Hilly Erosion Areas of South China

本文以典型的南方红壤丘陵强度侵蚀区长汀县为研究对象,采用"空间代替时间"的方法,以未采取治理措施的强度侵蚀区和风水林为对照区,对实施老头松改造、草-灌-乔、等高草灌带、崩岗治理、草-牧-沼-果、乔灌混交、以草促林和植灌促林等治理措施下的土壤质量进行研究。结果表明:严重土壤侵蚀区植被恢复后,土壤理化性质都有了一定程度的改善,土壤物理性质改善落后于养分状况特别是速效养分的改善;从土壤质量表征值来看,2000年后的治理措施QI值远低于2000年前的,且老头松改造、等高草灌带、草-灌-乔及崩岗治理措施的QI值差异不明显,2000年前的3个治理模式中,以草促林模式由于养分积累缓慢,土壤恢复较慢,不建议只采取种草措施,而应采取植灌促林、乔灌混交的措施。

In accordance with the method of space replacing time, taking the severe eroded area without management measures and the Fengshui forest as the contrast areas, Changting County, the typical red soil hilly severe eroded area of South China, is selected for the case study of the soil qualities under different management measures such as degrad- ed inferior masson pine rehabilitation, grass - brush - tree, contour grass - brush belt, collapse mound control, grass - forage - biogas - orchard, mixture of tree and brush, grass planting, and brush planting, etc. The results show that, after vegetation restoration in the severe soil erosion areas, the physical and chemical characters of the soil have been improved in some degree. While the improvement of the nutrient status especially the readily available nutrient of soil is in advance of the improvement of the soil physical and chemical characters. From the soil quality characterization value, the QI value of management measures after Year 2000 is far below the value before Year 2000. The differences of QI values are not obvious among the measures of degraded inferior masson pine rehabilitation, grass - brush - tree, contour grass -brush belt or collapse mound control. Among the three management models before Year 2000, due to the slow accumulation of nutrient and soil recovery, it is not suggested the single grass planting method taken in the grass planting model. Such model should be adopted together with the brush planting measures and mixture of trees and brushes.