移民网络、资本转化与社团参政:以澳门福建社团为例

Immigrant Network,Capital Transformation and Political Participation of Associations:A Case Study of Fujian Associations in Macao

澳门的福建人是华人主体社会中的边际群体。第一代福建移民运用移民网络建立社团,积累经济资本,商人作为精英阶层,通过超凡魅力权威和执事关联维持社团内部结构。第二代福建移民成立新型社团,通过社团积累社会资本,参与政治生活。在福建社团参与立法会选举的过程中,结合了以移民网络积累社会资本和商界精英运用经济资本的动员策略,经济资本、社会资本、政治资本得以相互转化。所以,应从社团内部和澳门社会两个方面来看待社团参政中的网络利用和资本转化。

Fujian people in Macao belong to the marginal group in the main- stream Chinese society. The first generation of Fujian immigrants in Macao accu- mulated economic capital by establishing associations through immigrant net- work. After becoming the elite class, rich businessmen maintained the internal structure of the community by employing their Charisma and interlocking the di- rectorship. The second generation of Fujian immigrants created social capital and participated in the local society through new type of Fujian associations. During their participation in the election of the Legislative Council, Fujian associations a- dopted the promotion strategy of social captital accumulation through immigrant network and economic capital utilization by business elite, which realized the mu- tual transformation among economic capital, social capital and political capital. Therefore, this paper suggests that the network utilization and capital transfor- mation in political participation of Fujian associations should be viewed from two different perspectives, namely the internal mechanism of the associations and the external factors of Macao society.