国内外耕地培育的差异与思考

Overview of rural land nurtures in China and abroad

本文介绍了欧洲的种养一体化,北美的测土推荐施肥、休耕轮作、保护性耕作、法律限定以及环境约束下的耕地培育模式等;将我国耕地培育分为耕地生产力障碍因子消除和耕地生产力因子平衡提高两个阶段。指出地力基础、农业生产目标、耕地培肥理念、管理方式和环保理念的差异导致了国内外耕地培育方式的不同。耕地培育与施肥的关系不明确、耕地培育目标不清晰、耕地培育法规不健全是我国耕地培育的主要障碍。还探讨了我国现代良好耕地的定义,如何培育良好耕地,"耕地培肥"与"耕地培育"的概念等问题。提出了划分不同耕地功能区、制订严密科学的耕地质量指标体系、健全耕地培育法律法规体系、正确引导农民科学培肥耕地是我国耕地培育发展的方向。

The worldwide main models of farmland nurturing were overviewed in this paper,including the incorporated planting-culture model in Europe,the models based on soil testing and fertilizer recommendation,fallow and rotating,conservation tillage,legal limiting and rural cultivating restricted by environment in North America.The farmland nurture in China could be divided into the earlier period of eliminating restrain factors and the present stage of productivity comprehensive improvement since the founding of new China.The differences in basic soil fertilities,agricultural production targets,the idea of fertile farmland nurture,the management methods and the environmental risk control result in different ways in land nurture in China and abroad.The several hindrances in farmland nurture in China include the unclear concept in relationship about cultivation and fertilization,the illegible goal of nurture and the distempered regulations for cultivated land.It is discussed about the meaning of good arable land,about how to nurture farmland and on the concept of ＂the fertile farmland nurture＂ and ＂the farmland nurture＂.It is suggested that marking off the different function zones for cultivated land,formulating the cultivated land quality index system,establishing strict scientific regulations for cultivated land,correctly guiding the farmer to the nurture the cultivated land.