豆粕和膨化大豆粉对鲤鱼生长及其肌肉营养成分的影响

Effect of soybean meal and extruded soy flour on growth performance and nutritional composition of carp

【目的】研究豆粕和膨化大豆粉对鲤鱼生长、饲料利用及肌肉营养成分的影响,为优化鲤鱼人工配合饲料提供依据。【方法】分别利用豆粕和膨化大豆粉替代约60%(质量分数)的鱼粉,以全鱼粉为对照,配制成3种等氮(粗蛋白含量为360g/kg)、等能(总能为15.2 MJ/kg)的半精制饲料,在室内单循环控温养殖系统中对初始体质量为(27.25±0.09)g的鲤鱼进行8周饲养试验。饲养试验结束后测算鲤鱼生长和饲料利用相关指标及肌肉营养成分含量。【结果】豆粕组和膨化大豆粉组鲤鱼的增重率和特定生长率与对照组相比显著降低(P<0.05),而饲料效率、蛋白质效率、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。豆粕组鲤鱼肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),水分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);膨化大豆粉组鲤鱼肌肉中粗蛋白和水分含量与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);不同大豆蛋白源对鲤鱼肌肉粗灰分和粗脂肪含量的影响不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,综合考虑鲤鱼的生长、饲料利用和肌肉营养成分因素,相同鱼粉替代水平下膨化大豆粉的替代效果优于豆粕。

【Objective】This study evaluated the effects of partial replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and extruded soy flour on growth performance,feed utilization and body composition of carps.【Method】Two diets with 60% soybean meal and 60% soybean flour to replace fish meal as semi-refined feed with equal protein（crude protein 360g/kg）and energy（total energy 15.2MJ/kg）were used as treatments while fish meal without replacement was used as control diet.Carps with the body mass of（27.25±0.09）g were fed with the three diets in a single recirculating system at controlled temperature for 8weeks.The growth performance,feed utilization and nutritional composition in carp were determined after the feeding trial.【Result】The specific growth and weight gain of carp in soybean meal group and soy flour group were significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）.There were no significant differences in feed effi-ciency ratio,protein efficiency ratio,condition factor,hepatosomatic index and viscerasomatic index among the three groups（P〉0.05）.The muscle crude protein content of soybean meal group was significantly lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）,but moisture was significantly higher（P〈0.05）.The crude protein and moisture contents of soy flour group had no significant difference compared to the control group（P〉0.05）.The muscle ash and crude lipid contents were not significantly affected by different soybean protein sources（P〉0.05）.【Conclusion】Considering growth performance,feed utilization and nutritional composition of carps,extruded soy flour was better than soybean meal to replace fish meal at same levels.