水氮供应对温室滴灌施肥黄瓜产量及品质的影响

Effects of water and nitrogen supply on yield and quality of greenhouse cucumber under fertigation

【目的】分析不同水氮供应水平对温室黄瓜品质和产量的影响,为温室黄瓜的优质生产提供参考。【方法】利用温室小区试验,设置3个灌水水平(W_1(60%ET0(参考作物蒸发蒸腾量))、W_2(80%ET0)和W_3(100%ET0))和4个施氮水平(N0(0kg/hm2)、N_1(180kg/hm2)、N_2(360kg/hm^2)、N_3(540kg/hm2))共12个水氮处理组合,在盛果期对黄瓜的品质指标(可溶性固形物、维生素C(Vc)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质及硝酸盐含量)进行测定,在拉秧后统计总产量,并采用主成分分析法对黄瓜品质进行综合评价。【结果】灌水量与施氮量对黄瓜产量、果实品质指标均有显著影响。灌水量对黄瓜产量有显著正相关作用,而施氮量对产量的影响在不同灌水条件下表现不同,其中W_3N_3处理的产量分别比W_2N_3、W_1N_3处理提高了11.8%和33.7%,W_2N_3处理的产量比W_1N_3处理提高了19.6%,而W_2N_2处理比W_2N_3处理仅降低了0.87%。与W_3N_3处理相比,W_2N_2处理的黄瓜Vc、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量分别提高了26.6%,35.3%和2.8%,而果实硝酸盐含量降低了2.9%。采用主成分分析法对黄瓜果实品质进行综合评价,表明适量的节水控肥措施对黄瓜品质提高有积极作用。【结论】综合考虑产量与品质指标,认为水氮供应组合W_2N_2(80%ET0、360kg/hm^2 N)不仅能保证黄瓜的产量,而且能获得较好的品质,可作为优质高产黄瓜栽培的适宜水肥选择。

【Objective】This study analyzed the impact of different water and nitrogen supplies on yield and quality of greenhouse cucumber to provide reference for quality production of greenhouse cucumbers.【Method】Plot experiments were conducted with three irrigation levels（W1（60% ET0）,W2（80% ET0）and W3（100% ET0））in interaction with four nitrogen fertilization levels（N0（0 kg/hm^2）,N1（180kg/hm^2）,N2（360kg/hm^2）,and N3（540kg/hm^2））,a total of twelve water and nitrogen treatments.The quality indicators（soluble solids,Vc,soluble sugar,soluble protein and nitrate）were measured during the flourishing time while yield was counted after the final harvest for comprehensive evaluation of quality u-sing principal component analysis.【Result】Irrigation and nitrogen had significant effects on yield and quality indicators of cucumber.Irrigation had significant positive correlation effects on yield,whereas the impacts of nitrogen fertilizer on yield were different for different irrigation levels.W3N3 yield was 11.8%and33.7% higher than treatments W2N3 and W1N3,W2N3 yield was 19.6% higher than W1N3,while W2N2 yield was 0.87%lower compared to W2N3.Compared with W3N3,the contents of Vc,soluble sugar and soluble protein of cucumber under treatment W2N2 were increased by 26.6%,35.3% and 2.8%,while the amount of nitrate was decreased by 2.9%.Comprehensive evaluation of cucumber quality with principal component analysis showed that appropriate water and fertilizer saving management had positive effect on improving cucumber quality.【Conclusion】Based on production and quality indicators,treatment W2N2（80% ET0 and 360kg/hm^2 N）was suitable to obtain high yield and quality in cucumber cultivation.