探析社会行为中的“从众心理”

Exploration on "Herd Mentality" in Social Behaviors

从众心理蕴含在各种社会行为和社会事件之中,它是指个人的观念和行为受到外界群体的影响而与多数人趋于一致的现象。从众心理的产生有两个原因,一是规范的压力,二是信息的压力。同时,从众行为在程度和范围上的差异一方面受群体的规模、群体的凝聚力、个体在群体中的地位等群体因素的影响;另一方面受知识经验、个性、性别等个体因素的影响。在社会生活中,从众是流言谣言的发端,也是群体性事件的助推器,因此我们了解从众产生的原因和影响因素,也能为预防控制此类事件发生提供借鉴。

Herd psychology, embodied in various social behaviors and social events, refers to the phenomenon that an individual＇s concept and behavior tends to be the same with most people due to the influence of the external group. There are two reasons for the generation of herd psychology, that is, the pressure of standard and the pressure of information. Meanwhile, the degree and scope of herd psychology is influenced by such group factors as the scale of the group, the cohesion of the group and the role the individual plays in the group, and on the other hand, it is influenced by such individual factors as knowledge, experience, personality and gender. In social life, herd psychology is the beginning of rumors, as well as the booster of mass incidents, so our knowledge of the causes and influencing factors of herd psychology can also provide a reference for the prevention of similar incidents.