中国石墨矿床成矿规律概要

Minerogenetic regularity of graphite deposits in China

石墨是特殊地质作用的产物,也是新兴产业发展的重要原材料。文章通过对中国石墨矿床分布特征、矿床类型、成矿时代和矿床成因的分析与归纳,初步总结了中国石墨矿床的成矿规律,以及目前石墨矿资源存在的问题。可将中国石墨矿床根据成因分为区域变质型、接触变质型和岩浆热液型3种类型。其中,以区域变质型最重要,其主要与区域变质作用密切相关,分布在古老地台周缘的元古代地层中,分布广、规模大;接触变质型主要分布在滨太平洋构造域活动大陆边缘活动带,与加里东期、燕山期岩浆活动有关,矿体分布在岩体外接触带,品位高但规模较小;岩浆热液型石墨矿并不常见,以产于碱性花岗岩中新疆苏吉泉石墨矿床最为典型。各种类型石墨矿床的成矿物质主要来源于沉积地层中的有机质。

Graphite is a special geological product and also an important raw material for new industries. China has abundant graphite resources, which serve as one of important strategic minerals. In this paper, based on analyzing and summarizing the distribution features of graphite deposits, deposit types and mineralization e- pochs, the authors preliminarily summed up the minerogenetic regularity d graphite deposits in China and pointed out the existing problems of graphite mineral resources in China. According to the genesis of the deposits, graphite deposits can be divided into regional metamorphic graphite deposits and contact metamorphic type graphite deposits. The regional metamorphic graphite deposits are closely related to regional metamorphism and are mainly distributed in the periphery of Paleoproterozoic or Neoproterozoic strata of the old platform. The contact metamorphic graphite deposits are mainly related to Caledonian magmatism and Yanshanian activity, with the orebody located in the periphery of the rock mass. Although such kind of deposits has a high grade, but the size is relatively small. Magmatic hydrothermal type graphite deposits are not very common, with the most typical deposit being Sujiquan produced in alkaline granites in Xinjiang. The ore-forming materials of various types of graphite deposits were mainly derived from the organic matter in the strata.