钢轨扣件中橡胶部件动态特性模型的建立与研究

On Dynamic Property Model of Rubber Absorber in Rail Fastening System

在不同工况下,对扣件的橡胶部件进行动态特性试验,得到简谐位移激励下扣件的力-位移曲线。通过试验曲线计算橡胶部件相应的动刚度、阻尼等动态特性参数。试验结果表明,在钢轨扣件工作的振幅和频率范围内,振幅对扣件橡胶部件的动态特性影响较为显著,频率次之。为了预测钢轨扣件橡胶部件复杂的力学特性,建立了适用于扣件系统的三力叠加模型,并采用最小二乘法对该模型的参数进行了识别。在此基础上,比较了特定工况下钢轨扣件橡胶部件的力-位移关系和理论模型。研究结果表明:该模型能够较好地吻合试验数据,并能反映扣件橡胶部件的幅值相关性和频率相关性。

Through dynamic test of the rubber component of rail fastening in different working conditions, the force- displacement curve is obtained, from which some dynamic character parameters, like dynamic stiffness and damping of the rubber component are calculated. The testing results show that amplitude of the excitation signal has a massive impact on dynamic properties of rail fastening system first, and then on frequency within its working range. A three superposition model suitable for rail fastening system is es- tablished to predict the complex dynamic characters of the rubber component, and the parameters of this model are i- dentified by the least square method. On this basis, a the- theoretical model and the force-displacement of rail fasten- ing rubber component in special working condition are compared. Theresults show that this model has a good a- greement with the testing data and could reflect the ampli- tude and frequency dependence of the rubber component.