连片特困地区农村贫困治理转型:内源性扶贫——以滇西北波多罗村为例

Endogenous Poverty Alleviation: The Transformation of Poverty Governance in Contiguous Destitute Areas——Exemplified by BO Duoluo Village in Northwest Yunnan Province

受自然、历史、地理等综合影响,连片特困地区农村自然条件差、生态环境脆弱、经济发展落后,致贫因素复杂。贫困社区和贫困人口处于物质、人力、社会资本贫困叠加、负向影响的困境之中,缺乏自我发展能力。对扶贫对象进行贫困干预既要加强基础设施建设,更需要以精细化的社区能力建设来不断增强扶贫对象与外部交流的意识和能力。这就需要农村贫困治理从线性、植入式的外源扶贫模式向内生能力培育为重点、多元参与治理的内源性扶贫转型。对波多罗村内源减贫研究表明,政府、社会组织、市场协同推进下,贫困农民生计资本提升,参与外部经济和市场竞争能力增强,生计结构向高价值优化,实现了增收和社区减贫。

The poor natural conditions,ecologically fragile and lag of economic development in contiguous destitute areas were affected by multiple complex factors within natural,historical,geographical levels. The poor communities and poor population,which lack of self-development capacity,stayed in the dilemma that poor superimposed of physical,human and social capital. In order to make intervention on poverty object,we need to strengthen infrastructure construction and use more refine community capacity constuction to continuously enhance communication ability of the poverty population. All these above,require the treatment of rural poverty needs to follow the multi-participating,endogenous and focusing on endogenous ability fostering ideas instead of the linear and implantable exogenous poverty alleviation mentality. The case study on BO Duoluo Village shows that the poor farmers＇ livelihoods capital increase,participating capacity enhance in external economic and market competition,local livelihoods obtain a more optimum structure,income increase and poverty reduction can be achieved by the cooperation among government,social organizations and market at the same time.