彝族生计、文化与林业传统知识——以云南省南华县为例

Livelihoods,Culture and Traditional Forest-related Knowledge of Yi People in Yunan Province——A Case Study of Nanhua Dounty

林业传统知识已经成为自然资源管理、传统文化保护、生物多样性保护、乡村发展等领域的重要议题。文章以云南省南华县彝族社区作为调查对象,采用质性研究方法,从彝族的生产生活方式、图腾崇拜和原始宗教、节庆活动及民俗礼仪等方面,分析了彝族人民与森林源远而复杂的关系。彝族人民以"万物有灵论"为基石,通过神山、乡规民约、宗教礼仪和习俗、石碑等制度和文化现象,表达了对森林、植物和动物,以及自然环境的尊重,构建了自然与人长期和谐共存的关系,并将其融入彝族人的道德情操和文化、社会、经济及生态活动中。林业传统知识传承了彝族人亲近自然、崇奉万物和敬畏生灵的朴素的生产生活方式和自然环境保护观念,以乡风民俗活动为载体,历久弥新,世代传承,凝聚成彝族绿色生态文化情结,客观上起到保护自然资源、维持生态平衡的作用。

Traditional forest-related knowledge（ TFRK） has emerged as an important issue in natural resource management,biodiversity conservation,traditional culture protection and rural development. Taking Yi communities of Hanhua county in Yunnan province as an example,with quantitative research method,TFRK has been documented including utilities of forests for daily life,religious purpose,cash income,customary regulations,and forest related believes and religion and culture events. Holistic and complex interrelationship between forests and livelihoods of Yi people have been reified through cash revenue,fuelwood collection,farming systems,and daily livelihood practices. Building on animism,through village regulation,holy hills,religion activities,custom and steles,Yi people of Nanhua county respects forests,plants and animals,and their environment,which has constructed harmonized relationship between people and nature,and embodied in virtue,culture,politics and economic and social activities of Yi people. TFRK has contributed to protection of natural recourse,essential to biodiversity conservation through virtue of closed to the nature,faith and awe all creatures,simple and peaceful livelihood,and finally condensed into Yi Green Ecological Culture Complex,inherited generation by generation.