杨时王道思想论析

Yang Shi's Idea of Benevolent Government

平治天下,施以王道是传统儒家的理想政治。程门高弟杨时一生务力于扬洛学、为贤臣,他为官近五十年,无论是早期的沉伏下僚,还是晚年的入朝为官、拜为重臣,其为政,其论事,其上书,言行之间无不透显着正己修身、以德为政、仁治天下的王道思想。洛学是其王道政治理想的理论基础。其中,求仁、保有仁心,是其王道思想之根本,杨时强调以仁心施政,忧民之所忧,乐民之所乐,"视民如伤",以行王道;诚意是其王道思想之枢机,诚为天之道、性之德,杨时认为天理之诚不仅成就了人的德性,且是"成天下之务"的关键;正心以知人是实现其王道理想之路径,杨时指出做愿治之君,实行王道政治,知人是根本的路径,而知人需要心正不偏。

Creating a prosperous and peaceful world with benevolent government is the ideal politics of the traditional Confucianism. Yang Shi, who was one of Cheng Hao＇s excellent disciples, devoted his whole life to spread Luo Xue（a Confucian school of philosophy founded by Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi） and to be a prominent courtier. Being an official for about fifty years, whether as a local official in his early career or as an important courtier in the imperial court in his later life, no matter when he was in office, or discussed political things or sent a memorandum, what he said or did always reflects his ideas of correcting his own behaviors and cultivating his moral qualities, and governing a country with virtue and benevolence. Luo Xue is the theoretical foundation of his political ideal, among which having benevolence is the basis of his benevolent government. Yang Shi stresses governing a country with benevolence, sharing the people＇s joys and sorrows and looking after the people as if they themselves were injured. Sincerity is the key of benevolent government, for sincerity is the law of nature and the virtue of human. Yang Shi thinks that sincerity not only achieves human virtue, but also is the key to accomplish the tasks of the world. Being sincere and impartial so as to judge people＇s qualities correctly is the way to realize the ideal of benevolent government. Yang Shi points out that to be a governor who practices benevolent politics, the ability to judging people＇s qualities is fundamental and judging people＇s quality requires the governor＇s sincerity and impartiality.