玉米—大豆轮作条件下长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响

Effects of Maize-soybean Rotation of Long-term Located Fertilization on Soil Enzyme Activities

为研究不同长期定位施肥处理对土壤酶活性的影响,以采自于沈阳农业大学棕壤长期轮作施肥定位试验站的土壤样品中为试验对象,研究了15组长期定位不同施肥处理对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同施肥条件下,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶活性有一定差异。增施氮肥条件下,对土壤脲酶的活性的增加效果显著,却降低了土壤蔗糖酶活性的促进作用;磷肥对土壤蔗糖酶活性有显著的促进作用,而对土壤脲酶活性的影响较小;钾肥对土壤纤维素酶活性有一定的促进作用,尤其是与有机肥配施的情况下,促进作用更为显著,而对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性的影响较小;施用有机肥,尤其是机肥配施无机肥,可以显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性,而对土壤脲酶活性虽然有一定的促进作用,但是影响较小。施肥对土壤过氧化氢酶的活性虽然有一定的抑制作用,但是不同施肥条件下的影响差异性不显著,可见土壤过氧化氢酶活性可能更多的受到多因素的影响。土壤蔗糖酶平均活性为6.61mg·g-1,土壤脲酶平均活性为12.60mg·g-1,土壤过氧化氢酶平均活性为6.91mg·g-1,土壤纤维素酶平均活性非常小,仅为0.14mg·g-1。从整体来看,施肥对脲酶、蔗糖酶、纤维素酶活性均有促进作用,而施肥对过氧化氢酶活性有抑制作用。

This experiment was performed to investigate the long-term effects of different fertilization conditions on soil enzyme activities. The soil samples were collected from the long-term located fertilization experimental station of Shenyang Agricultural University, to study the effects of 15 different treatments on soil enzyme activities. The results showed that under different longterm located fertilization treatments, there are many differences between soil urease, saccharase, satalase and cellulose enzyme activity. Increasing nitrogen conditions, the effect of an increase in the activities of soil urease was significant, but reduced the soil invertase activities promoted. Phosphate fertilizer had significant promoting effect on the soil invertase activities, and the influence of soil urease activity was little. Potash has promoting effect on cellulase activities, especially with manure fertilizer,promoting effect was more significant. For urease, invertase activities were less affected. In the manure fertilizer conditions,especially in the manure fertilizer and chemical fertilizer conditions, could significantly improve the invertase, cellulase activities.And on soil urease activities, although there were certain role, but less affected. Fertilization on the activities of catalase inhibited, but not significant, can be seen catalase activity may be more influenced by multiple factors. Among them, the average soil invertase was 6.61mg·g-1, soil urease was 12.60mg·g-1, and soil catalase was 6.91mg·g-1. The average of soil cellulase activities was very small, only 0.14mg·g-1. Overall, the fertilization on urease, sucrase, cellulase enzyme activity were promoted,and fertilization on catalase activity was inhibited.