呼吸机相关性肺炎患者痰培养分析及护理对策

ANALYSES OF SPUTUM CULTURE AND NURSING STRATEGY IN TREATING VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA

目的探讨呼吸机相关性肺炎院内感染常见菌群及寻求提高痰培养检出率的护理对策。方法将2010年1月~2012年1月收集的资料作为对照组,将2012年1月~2014年1月收集的资料作为实验组,对呼吸科监护病房使用呼吸机患者的痰培养标本的合格率、阳性率、病原体的分布情况进行监测,并比较两组间监测结果。结果实验组和对照组痰培养标本合格率、阳性率、细菌和真菌的分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论呼吸机通气引至肺部感染治疗困难,加强通气期间的护理管理能提高痰培养检出率,指导临床合理用药,利于患者治疗。

Objective To explore the common flora of nosocomial infection related to ventilatorassociated pneumonia（VAP）and to seek the nursing countermeasures to improve the detection rate of sputum culture.Methods The clinical data collected from January,2010 to January,2012 formed the controlgroup,and clinical data collected from January,2012 to January,2014 formed the experimental group.The qualification rate of sputum culture specimens,the positive rate and the distribution of pathogen were monitored and analyzed in patients treated with ventilator in respiratory intensive care unit（RICU）.Results There existed significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the qualification rate of sputum culture specimens,the positive rate and the distribution of pathogen（P〈0.05）.Conclusion While it is difficult to treat VAP,strengthening the nursing management may improve the detection rate of sputum culture and guide rational drug use to improve rehabilitation.