不同施氮量对玉米生长、氮吸收利用及产量的影响

Effect of Different Nitrogen on Growth, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Corn

于半干旱地区黑钙土在自然降雨条件下,设置4个施氮处理,N1为0 kg/hm2(CK),N2为120 kg/hm2,N3为150 kg/hm2,N4为180 kg/hm2,小区试验设计,3次重复,研究了不同施氮量对玉米(Zea mays L.)生长、氮吸收与产量的影响规律。结果表明,成熟期N4处理干物质积累量最高,较CK提高了46.62%,差异显著;N3处理氮吸收量最高,分别较N1和N4提高了28.42%和2.94%,N3显著高于N1处理;拔节期,叶片内氮分配比例N3、N4显著低于N1处理,茎内分配比例N3、N4显著高于N1处理,成熟期子粒中氮分配比例最高;氮肥利用率表现出随着氮肥施用量增加而降低的变化,N4最低,仅为26.30%;玉米产量、可溶性糖、蛋白质、淀粉、可溶性糖含量不同施氮量处理之间无显著差异。综合分析认为,自然降雨条件下玉米氮肥施用量以180 kg/hm2为宜。

The test under natural rainfall then set 4 different nitrogen treatment as N1 was 0 kg/hm2 （control）, N2 was 120 kg/hm2, N3 was 150 kg/hm2, N4 was 180 kg/hm2, plot experimental design with three replications, then studied effect of changes of corn growth, nitrogen uptake and yield in different nitrogen. The results showed that： N4 treatment dry matter accumulation highest and higher than control 46.62% and have significant difference with control in harvest; nitrogen uptake N3 treatment highest and was higher than N1 ,N4 treatment 28.42% ,2.94%, N3 was significant higher than N1; the leaf nitrogen distribution ratio N3,N4 was significantly lower than N1 treatment and significantly higher than N1 treatment in stem when on Jointing stage, nitrogen distribution ratio was highest in grain on maturity; the utilization of nitrogen showed reduce with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer and N4 lowest that only 26.30%. there was no significant difference in corn yield, soluble sugar, protein, starch and soluble sugar content between different nitrogen treatment. Comprehensive analysis that nitrogen fertilizer was 180 kg/hm2 best under natural rainfall.