海子水库浮游植物群落结构特征与水质关系研究

Community Structure Characteristics of Phytoplankton and Water Quality in Haizi Reservoir

本研究旨在分析作为旅游景点的海子水库的浮游植物群落组成、多样性与水质关系。分别于2009年和2010年的5月、8月、10月进行了野外生态调查。通过实验室内镜检的方法,共鉴定出藻类6门74种。绿藻门藻类有20属45种,占鉴定出的藻类总种类数的60.81%,其次是蓝藻门有9属11种,占14.86%。海子水库北湖采样点与南湖采样点相比具有更高的丰富度、丰度和生物量,特别是在夏季期间观察到的更明显。链丝藻(Hormidium flaccidum)、优美裂面藻(Merismopedia elegans)、点形裂面藻(Merismopedia punctata)、纯顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)、中华尖头藻(Merismopedia sinica)、二角盘星藻(Pediastrum duplex)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus.)、颗粒直链藻极狭变种(Melosira granulata var.angustissima)、盾形多甲藻(Peridinium umbonatum)数量上占优势。根据藻类密度值与营养状态指数值,海子水库水体夏季为富营养化水体。相关分析表明浮游植物生物量受限于电导率(P<0.05)。在水生态系统中的浮游植物多样性有突出的生态作用,因此,采取保护水库区域水生生物群落动态平衡及减少污染的环境方案,可以尽量减少截断水循环的大坝给水生态系统带来的负面影响。

This study aimed to analyze the community structure, diversity and ecological attributes of the phytoplankton in the Haizi reservoir. Fieldwork was carried out in May, August and October of 2009 and 2010. A total of 74 species belonging to 6 phyla were identified through laboratory microscopical examination method. Chlorophyta was the most group （45 species of 20 genera, 60.81% of the total identified phytoplankton）, and Cyanophyta was the second （ll species of 9 genera, 14.86% of the total identified phytoplankton）. Higher richness, abundance and biomass were observed in the Beihu of dam of Haizi reservoir when compared with the Nanhu of Haizi reservoir sampling point, especially during summer period. Hormidium flaccidum, Merismopedia elegans, Merismopedia punctata, Spirulina platensis and Merismopedia sinica, Pediastrum duplex, Synedra acus, Melosira granulata vaT. angustissima, Peridinium umbonatum dominated numerically. According to the density of algae and trophic level index（EI）, Haizi reservoir is eutrophic water. The correlation analysis showed that the biomass of phytoplankton is limited by electrical conductivity （P〈0.05）. In aquatic ecosystem, the phytoplankton diversity has prominent ecological role. Therefore, community dynamic balance and reduction of pollution environmental protection in reservoir area could minimize the negative impact of dam in water ecosystem.