银川城郊农业景观格局变化分析

Analysis of Agricultural Landscape Pattern Changes in Suburb of Yinchuan City

以地处银川市郊区的掌政镇为研究对象,2008-2012年Quick Bird遥感影像为基础数据,目视判读解译掌政镇景观数据,在Fragstats景观格局软件中,计算相应的景观指数,通过研究期内掌政镇农业景观转移矩阵,分析掌政镇景观格局的变化与空间分布,并对其农业景观变化的驱动力进行分析。结果显示,掌政镇土地利用/覆盖中耕地占有绝对优势,形成了耕地、草地、建设用地交织的城乡交错带景观;2008-2012年间,掌政镇耕地和建设用地的面积变化最大。景观变化总面积308.49 hm2,建设用地面积增长迅速,共计转入192.83 hm2,增长率18.04%,主要由耕地、草地转入127.65 hm2和25.50 hm2。同时,道路面积增长了9.81%,面积达14.38 hm2;数据显示2008-2012年间,掌政镇的景观中耕地、水域、园地、草地面积减少,景观斑块数量,斑块密度,景观破碎度,景观分离度以及景观聚合度等景观指数都有所增加。说明研究区景观中斑块趋向复杂,景观类型更加丰富,增加区域景观多样性以及景观结构的复杂性。从驱动力角度出发,银川城市化进程的推进,滨河新区的规划建设是掌政镇农业景观格局变化的主要驱动力。

Taking the Zhangzheng town in suburb of Yinchuan as a study object. Taking QuickBird remote sensing image in 2008 and 2012 as basic data, to obtain the landscape data in Zhangzheng by building-up visual interpretation, computing the corresponding landscape index in the Fragstats landscape pattern software. Analysing the landscape pattern change and distribution and driving force of agricultural landscape change, through studying the agricultural landscape transition matrix in Zhangzheng town. The results showed that,the cultivated land had absolute superiority of land use/cover in Zhangzheng town, and formed the cultivated land, grassland and construction land of urban-rural ecotone landscape. The change of cultivated land and construction land were the largest from 2008 to 2012 in Zhangzheng town. The total area of landscape change was 308.49 hm2 in Zhangzheng town, the construction land area increased rapidly, in all 192.83 hm2,the growth rate was 18.04%, the mainly composed of cultivated land and grassland, were 127.65 hm2 and 25.50 hm2 At the same time, the road area in- creased by 9.81%, the area up to 14.38 hm2. According to the data from 2008 to 2012, the landscape area reduced, such as cultivated land, water, garden, and grassland, the landscape patch number, patch density, landscape fragmentation and landscape isolation and contagion index are increased, etc. It showed that landscape plaques tend to be complex in the study area, landscape type was more rich, the complexity of the regional landscape diversity and landscape structure increased. From the Angle of the driving force, the main driving force that agricultural landscape pattern change in Zhangzheng town was the urbanization advancement in Yinchuan and the planning and construction of Binhe new district.