元代的家族教育与民族文化的“涵化”

Acculturation of Family Education and National Education in the Yuan Dynasty

元代蒙古、色目等民族家族教育形式包括延请儒生任教、创立家庙祠堂，订立族约家规、收藏图书、平日教育及临终嘱托、编辑家族文献、母亲教导、改汉姓起汉名等形式。家族教育加强了家族的凝聚力，促进了蒙古、色目以及契丹、女真等民族的“华化”。同时有些汉族家族教育呈现出蒙古化倾向。“华化”与“蒙古化”倾向并存，反映出民族政权下民族融合与文化的“涵化”。

Family education of Mongolians and Semu people in the Yuan Dynasty mainly included inviting scholars to teach, setting up ancestral temples, making clan and family regulations, collecting books, daily education, making last words, compiling family documents, mother＇ s teaching, and changing names into Han names. Family education enhanced family cohesion, and promoted the Chinesization of Mongolian, Semu, Khitan and Nuchen ethnic groups. At the same time, some Han family education tended to be Mongolianized. The coexistence of Chinesization and Mongolianization reflected cultural acculturation under the national power and the significance of inheriting the past and ushering the future of the Yuan families.