野化培训大熊猫对人工巢穴利用的初步研究

Responses of the Wild Training Giant Panda to the Man-made Nest

野化培训可以增加圈养动物放归野外的成功率,而增加培训圈内的环境丰富度是野化培训过程中的一个重要内容。卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心母兽带仔野化培训大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)对人工巢穴的利用情况表明,大熊猫母兽总是在很短时间内(2.31±0.82 minutes)便将放于人工巢穴中的幼仔衔走,人工巢穴类型对时间长度的影响不明显;没有发现大熊猫母兽主动利用人工巢穴的情况,母兽多数时候都是伴随着幼仔,停留在培训场内自己营造出的巢穴中。在利用食物引诱的情况下可以延长停留时间,母兽在巢穴内停留的时间长度与所取食食物量呈显著正相关关系(r=0.82,P<0.001),但它们总是在吃完食物后就很快(1.57±0.68 minutes)地离开这些人工巢穴,在巢穴中加入木屑和草等垫层物质或放入幼仔均不能改变大熊猫在其中的停留时间(F=0.30,df=2,P=0.74);母兽取食时若有幼仔在身边,会加快它带着幼仔离开人工巢穴的时间,这可能与避免幼仔受伤有关。

The wild training can increase the survival rate of enclosed animals which will return in the wild, and the environmental richness is one of the training ways. According to the research for the wild training giant panda in China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda （CCRCGP）, it was found the mother giant panda would often carried off the cub very soon （2.31 ± 0.82 minutes） if the cub was put in the man-made nest, the type of man-made nests had no impacts on the stay time. The mother giant pandas would never use the man-made nests on their own, mostly they would stay in the nest made by themseies. If the food was put in the man-made nest, the giant panda would leave soon （ 1.57 ± 0.68 minutes） after the food was eaten up. Adding grasses or other material in the nest could not prolong the staying time （ F = 0. 30, df = 2, P = 0. 74）, but the amount of food had positive correlation with the staying time significantly （ r = 0. 82, P 〈 0. 001 ）. Mother giant pandas would more quickly leave the nest when the cub was at hand in order to prevent the cub from injury