南宁市住宅区室内空气甲醛污染及其影响因素

Formaldehyde Pollution and Its Influencing Factors for Indoor Air of Residential Region in Nanning City

为探明室内空气甲醛污染特征及其影响因素,对南宁市40家新装修住宅室内空气甲醛进行随机采样监测分析。结果表明:1)南宁市室内空气甲醛浓度值范围为0.01~0.80 mg/m^3,平均值为0.11 mg/m^3,190个采样点位中有63个点位甲醛浓度值超标,超标率为33.2%。2)室内甲醛浓度的空间分布特征在平面上表现为书房>卧室(主卧、次卧)>客厅>储物间;在楼层垂直高度方面表现为中高层(9-18层)>低层(1-8层)>高层(18层以上)。3)影响室内空气甲醛含量的因素主要是装修材料的质量、用量、装修时间和室内温度;甲醛含量随温度升高而增加,随装修完成后的时间延长而降低。4)加强通风换气,保持室内空气流通有利于甲醛的释放,借助生物法、化学法和物理化学法也可有效降低室内甲醛的浓度。

In order to discover the level of indoor formaldehyde pollution and its affecting factors, indoor formaldehyde concentrations were randomly measured in 40 newly renovated houses in Nanning City. The monitoring results showed four issues. 1）The concentrations of formaldehyde ranged from 0.01 to 0.80 mg/m3, and the mean concentration was 0.11 mg/m3; among the total of 190 points monitored, 63 points exceeded the value of national standard and the exceeded ratio was 33.2%. 2） The mean concentrations of formaldehyde in different rooms showed the following orders： sanctum bedroom（master bedroom, guest bedroom） living room storage room,while middle floors（9-18 floors） lower floors（1-8 floors） higher floors（19-34 floors）, which showed different function characters for spatial distribution between vertical level and horizontal level. 3）The quality and quantitation of decoration materials, as well as the renovation time and indoor temperature were the major influencing factors on formaldehyde concentrations. 4）The window should be always open to ensure ventilation and indoor air flow, and to facilitate the release of formaldehyde. In addition, the use of some techniques such as biological, chemical and physical chemical methods could also be combined to reduce indoor formaldehyde levels.