桉树皮、桉树屑栽培平菇营养成分和重金属分析

Analysis on nutritive component and heavy metal of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with bark and sawdust of eucalyptus

【目的】分析桉树皮、桉树屑栽培平菇营养成分和重金属含量,为评价桉树加工副产物栽培食用菌的营养价值与质量安全提供参考依据。【方法】以棉籽壳培养料为对照,分别用桉树皮、桉树屑为主要培养料栽培平菇,比较3种培养料栽培平菇的水含量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总糖等营养成分和重金属铅、镉的含量。【结果】3种培养料栽培的平菇营养成分含量存在一定差异,桉树屑栽培平菇的水含量、粗蛋白质和总糖含量均极显著高于桉树皮和棉籽壳栽培的平菇(P<0.01,下同),桉树皮栽培平菇的水含量和粗蛋白质含量也极显著高于棉籽壳;而在粗脂肪含量方面,3种培养料效果相当,差异不显著(P>0.05)。3种培养料栽培平菇的重金属铅、镉含量均未超出国家食品安全标准,符合绿色食品(食用菌)的要求。【结论】以桉树皮、桉树屑作为栽培平菇的主要基质,合理搭配培养基,可生产出高蛋白质和总糖、且质量安全的平菇产品,且以桉树屑效果更佳。

[Objective]The nutritional components and heavy metal content of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated with bark and sawdust of eucalyptus were analysed, in order to provide references for evaluation of nutritional value and quality safety for edible mushrooms cultivated with bark and sawdust of eucalyptus. [Method]Three kinds of media were used for culti- vating P. ostreatus, respectively, which were mainly made up of eucalyptus sawdust, eucalyptus bark and cottonseed hull（as control）, respectively. Then the contents of nutritional components （water content, crude protein, crude fat, total sugar） and heavy metals （Pb and Cd） in P. ostreatus cultivated with three kinds of media were determined and compared. [Result]The results showed that, there were some differences in nutritional components among P. ostreatus cultivated with three kinds of media. The water content, crude protein, crude fat, and total sugar of P. ostreatus cultivated with eucalyptus sawdust were extremely significantly higher than those of P. ostreatus cultivated with eucalyptus bark and cottonseed hull（P〈0.O1, the same below）. And the water content and crude protein of P. ostreatus cultivated with eucalyptus bark were extremely significantly higher than those of P. ostreatus cultivated with cottonseed hull. However, there was no difference in crude fat content of P. ostreatus cultivated with three kinds of mediums （P〉0.05）. Furthermore, the heavy metals（Pb and Cd） contents in P. ostreatus cultivated with three kinds of mediums did not exceed national food safety standards, and met requirements of green food（ed- ible mushrooms）. [Conclusion]The cultivation media of P. ostreatus, which are mainly made up of eucalyptus sawdust and bark, can be used for cultivating P. ostreatus with high content of protein and total sugar, and high quality safety. Above all, the cultivation medium made up of eucalyptus sawdust shows optimal cultivation effect of P. ostreatus.