小麦宽空幅冬季培肥的产量表现、经济效益及化肥减施效应研究

Effects of Winter Fertilization within Wide Bare Land of Wheat Field and Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer Application Rate on Yield and Economic Profits of Wheat

研究了在麦幅（20 cm）相间宽空幅（40 cm）种植模式下冬季增施有机肥配合施用拔节孕穗肥对小麦产量及其构成、经济效益和化肥N偏生产力等的影响。结果表明：在拔节孕穗期施用常规数量（108.0 kg/hm2）化肥氮条件下,冬季施用12.0、18.0和24.0 t/hm2有机肥处理较不培肥对照分别增产小麦13.83%、17.81%和19.03%;小麦单位面积穗数随着冬季培肥量的增多而增加,小麦单位面位穗数和每穗实粒数随着拔节孕穗期化肥氮施用量的减少而降低;根据新增纯收益率≥22%和边际成本报酬率≥1.5的经济效益显著标准,冬季培肥18.0～24.0 t/hm2配合拔节孕穗期施用常规数量化肥能获得小麦生产的高产量和高效益;各冬季培肥处理的化肥N偏生产力均极显著高于对照的。

Under the planting pattern of wheat with wide （40 cm） bare land between wheat plant lines （20 cm in width）, the authors studied the effects of applying organic fertilizer within the wide bare land in winter and reducing the application rate of chem- ical nitrogen （N） fertilizer at elongating and booting stages on wheat yield, yield components, economic profits and partial produc- tivity of chemical N. The results showed that ： under the condition of conventional chemical N application rate （ 108.0 kg/hm2 ） for e- longating and booting, in comparison with not applying organic fertilizer （the control）, applying 12.0, 18.0 and 24.0 t/hm2 organic fertilizer in winter increased wheat yield by 13.83%, 17.81% and 19.03%, respectively; when chemical N application rate was the same, the panical number per unit area was increased with the increase in organic fertilizer application rate; when organic fertilizer application rate was the same, the yield components of wheat gradually decreased with the reduction in the application rate of chemi- cal N for elongating and booting. According to the following significant standards for economic profits： newly-increased net income rate ≥ 22%, and rate of remuneration of marginal cost≥1.5, applying 18.0-24.0 t/hm2 organic fertilizer in winter combined with the application of 108.0 kg/hm2 chemical N at elongating and booting stages could obtain both high yield and high economic profits. The partial productivity of chemical N in all winter fertilization treatments was very significantly higher than that in the control.