论弃婴收养模式的改革——以《收养法》第8条为中心

On the Reform of the Mode for the Adoption of the Abandoned Baby——Based on the Article 8 of the Law of Adoption

弃婴与孤儿,在法律上当受同等保护。较之于孤儿收养,《收养法》第8条对于弃婴的收养,设置了更为严苛的条件与程序。在此模式下,公立福利机构成为弃婴收养的必经环节。弃婴收养的垄断化,使得大量事实收养无法合法化。国家对于儿童福利保障投入的不足,催生了某些福利机构通过弃婴收养牟利现象。打击逃避计划生育的行为,不应成为弃婴收养严苛化的正当理由。基于儿童利益最大化原则,弃婴收养应当打破垄断,走向一种综合性的收养模式。

Abandoned baby and orphan need the same protection from law. Compared with the adoption of the or- phan, the Article 8 of the Law of Adoption sets more stringent conditions and procedures on the adoption of abandoned baby. In this mode, public welfare institutions have become the essential link in the procedure of the adoption of the abandoned. The monopoly of the adoption of the abandoned prevented folk adoption from being legalized. At the same time, the lack of the government investment in the welfare of the children induced the phenomenon that the welfare agencies make profit by way of adopting the abandoned baby. The purpose of prohibiting the avoidance of punishment because of violating policy of the birth control should not be the sound excuse for the harsh of the procedure and condition of the adoption of the aban- doned. Based on the principle of maximizing the child＇s interests, we should discard the monopoly in the field of the adop- tion of abandoned baby and adont a comprehensive adontion mode.