粉煤灰制备铝硅基合金的研究进展

Development of Preparation of Al-Si-Based Alloy via Fly Ash

将粉煤灰的应用向高附加值的精细化工和冶金领域发展成为了研究的热点.以粉煤灰为原料或原料之一制备铝硅基合金,不仅有利于解决当前由粉煤灰所带来一系列的严峻的环境问题,同时也实现了粉煤灰高附加值利用,具有广阔的应用推广前景.文章详细介绍了近年来粉煤灰在制备铝硅合金、铝硅铁合金以及其他铝硅基合金中的应用.结果表明:以粉煤灰为原料制备各种牌号的铝硅基合金,矿热炉法是主要制备方法.其中,矿热炉法制备铝硅合金尽管比电解法、兑掺法具有不可比拟的优势,但其对原料成分要求较高,适应范围十分有限,因此难以实现大规模产业化;矿热炉法制备硅铝铁合金,对原料及产品的要求相对宽松,反应温度较低,能耗降低,成本较低,有望在水电充足的地区实现大规模生产;而对于粉煤灰中锰、钛、镁、钡等含量较高的原料,采用矿热炉法制备硅铝明、铝硅锰铁钛合金等其他铝硅基合金,将大幅降低生产成本,有一定的发展前景.此外,本文还结合作者在粉煤灰综合利用方面的研究成果,提出了粉煤灰综合利用的新思路,对该领域的研究具有一定的参考价值.

The use of fly ash in fine chemical industry and metallurgical fields has become the research focus. It contributes not only to solving the environmental problems caused by fly ash but also to realizing the high added value of fly ash to produce Al- Si- based alloys,which has a broad prospect. This paper highlights the recent development of the application of fly ash to the Al- Si alloys,Al- Si- Fe alloys and other Al- Si based alloys production industry. Research results indicate that submerged arc furnace smelting is the main method to produce various kinds of aluminum- silicon- based alloys with the raw material of fly ash. Whereas,in spite of the fact that the aluminum – silicon- based alloys prepared with this method has the incomparable advantages than the ones produced by the method of electrolysis or mixing,the method of submerged arc furnace smelting has more requirements on the compositions of raw materials and the adaption scope is extremely limited,consequently it is difficult for submerged arc furnace smelting to achieve large- scale industrialization. Preparing Si- Al- Fe alloys with the method of submerged arc furnace smelting has less rigid requirement on raw materials and products,the required reaction temperature is much lower,energy consumption is reduced and cost can also be reduced,which makes it promising to be produced in large scale. As for the fly ash materials with high content of manganese,titanium,magnesium and barium,it will be possible to produce Al- Si- Mn,Al- Si- Mn- Ti alloy and other Al- Si- based alloys with the method of submerged arc smelting,which will dramatically reduce the production cost as well as have certain development prospect. At the same time the paper combines the author＇s researches on the comprehensive utilization of fly ash,and puts forward a new idea to make full use of it. It would serve as a guide for the comprehensive utilization of fly ash.