5种水产药物对虹鳟幼鱼的急性毒性

Acute Toxicity of Five Drugs in Aquaculture on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Juveniles

在水温为12.6℃、p H7.5、溶解氧(DO)>7.0mg·L^(-1)的静水条件下,研究辛硫磷、阿维菌素、甲苯咪唑、环烷酸铜,及甲醛对虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss幼鱼的急性毒性。结果表明:辛硫磷对虹鳟幼鱼的24h、48h和96h半致死浓度分别为0.013mg·L^(-1)、0.006mg·L^(-1)和0.003mg·L^(-1),安全浓度为0.407×10-3mg·L^(-1);阿维菌素的24h、48h和96h半致死浓度为分别0.012mg·L^(-1)、0.007mg·L^(-1)和0.003mg·L^(-1),安全浓度为0.679×10-3mg·L^(-1);甲苯咪唑的24h、48h和96h半致死浓度为分别1.593mg·L^(-1)、1.118mg·L^(-1)和0.469mg·L^(-1),安全浓度为0.165mg·L^(-1);环烷酸铜的24h、48h和96h半致死浓度为分别6.761mg·L^(-1)、5.754mg·L^(-1)和4.365mg·L^(-1),安全浓度为1.251mg·L^(-1);甲醛的24h、48h和96h半致死浓度为分别20.902mg·L^(-1)、15.339mg·L^(-1)和10.345mg·L^(-1),安全浓度为2.478mg·L^(-1)。这5种水产药物对虹鳟幼鱼的毒性大小依次为:辛硫磷>阿维菌素>甲苯咪唑>环烷酸铜>甲醛。

The acute toxicity of phoxim, avermectin, mebendazole, copper naphthenate and formaldehyde to rainbow trout（Oncorhynchus mykiss）juveniles were studied under water temperature of 12.6℃, p H 7.5 and dissolved oxygen level（DO）of 7.0 mg·L^-1by a static test method. The results showed that the median-lethal concentration（LC50）of phoxim was 0.013 mg·L^-1 in 24 h, 0.006 mg·L^-1in 48 h, and 0.003 mg·L^-1in 96 h, with safe concentration of 0.407×10-3mg·L^-1; LC50 of avermectin was shown to be 0.012 mg·L^-1in 24 h, 0.007 mg·L^-1in 48 h, and 0.003 mg·L^-1in 96 h, with safe concentration of 0.679×10-3mg·L^-1; LC50 of mebendazole was found to be 1.593 mg·L^-1in 24 h, 1.118 mg·L^-1in 48 h, and 0.469 mg·L^-1in 96 h, with safe concentration of 0.165 mg·L^-1; LC50 of copper naphthenate was 6.761 mg·L^-1in 24 h, 5.754 mg·L^-1in 48 h, and 4.365 mg·L^-1in 96 h, with safe concentration of 1.251 mg·L^-1; LC50 of formaldehyde was 20.902 mg·L^-1in 24 h, 15.339 mg·L^-1in 48 h, and 10.345 mg·L^-1in 96 h, with safe concentration of 2.478 mg·L^-1.These findings showed that the order of toxicity of the five drugs in aquaculture to experimental fish was expressed as the following：phoxim avermectin mebendazole copper naphthenate formaldehyde.