对现代性的两种预见与反思——马克思与尼采的美学思想比较

Two Ways of Expectations and Reflection to Modernity:A Comparative Study on Marx's and Nietzsche's Aesthetics Thinking

在马克思那里,资本主义现代化的异化劳动导致人的感觉的单一化,而作为共产主义者的人将是美的实现者;尼采对西方启蒙运动高举的科学精神和理性精神都进行了强烈的批判,认为现代文化是对人性的腐蚀和毒化,导致了生命的病态,美和艺术对尼采具有极重要的意义。可以说,马克思和尼采都从美学视角深入现代性的根本问题,在西方现代化过程中分别从不同的角度对现代性做出预见和反思。

To Marx, the alienated labor in the capitalist society caused the simplification of human＇ s senses, and the communists are the ones to pursue beauty. Nietzsche strongly criticized the scientific and rational thinking advocated by the Enlightenment Movement. He thought that the modern culture was corrosive and poisonous to the human nature, and caused the ill-conditioned life. Nietzsche called for superman, and beauty and art had very important significance to Nietzsche. It can be said that, both Marx and Nietzsche approached political philosophy from the aesthetic perspective, and to reflect and criticize modernity in the process of the modernization of capitalism from different angles.