私家车共乘的发展历程、研究简述及在我国的实施困境

Study on the Development of Carpool and Discussion on the Implementation in China

我国私家车数量的大幅增长及其对城市交通构成较大压力的客观现实不容忽视,交通治理从交通设施的大量供给视角转向需求的有效控制非常关键。私家车共乘行为这一微观个体的行为改变可以实现帕累托改进,并带来减少出行里程数等诸多益处,在国外已有较为成熟的发展经验。本文概述了欧洲和北美私家车共乘的缘起、发展历程和特征;对共乘行为带来的收益、参与成员的特征和驱动因素等方面的国内外相关文献进行了简要的梳理;进而从文化观念、法律、安全、保险等角度探讨了共乘行为在我国的实施难度并对我国进一步开展共乘实践进行了相关讨论。

The growing number of private cars in China has exerted pressure on urban transportation. Carpool and carsharing have proved to be effective measures to reduce car trips through individual behavior change in western countries, which can be regarded as Pareto Improvement. This paper sorts out the origin, development history and characteristics of carpool and carsharing in Europe and North America. The literature review mainly focuses on the benefits, the characteristics of people who had participated in and the driving factors. Then we discuss the difficulty of the implementation in China from the view of different cultural concept, legal deficiencies, safety, insurance, etc. At last, some further discussion is summarized toward the end of the artide.