城市雨洪基础设施先行的规划框架之探析

A Framework for the Planning of Urban Stormwater Infrastructures

本文基于天然水文循环的基本原理,阐述了河湖湿地、丛林草地等开放空间的水文水力与水生态特性及其在城市雨洪管理中调蓄雨洪、净化水质、支持生物多样化等功能,以及在城市规划中保护、设计和利用这些自然空间的方法。在此基础上,进一步探讨了整合各类人工与自然雨洪设施,规划构建城市—社区—源头三层尺度的城市雨洪基础设施框架,并借鉴西方发达国家在城市化进程中的经验教训,提出了城市规划应以雨洪基础设施先行的理念,为我国城市化进程中雨洪基础设施改造以及未来的城市规划提供参考。

Based on the basic principle of hydrology, this paper describes natural stormwater management measures including rivers, lakes, wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, etc. The hydrological, hydraulic and ecological characteristics of these measures are classified; unique functions in regulating stormwater, protecting natural environment and supporting biodiversity are identified; the protecting, planning and utilizing methodologies are introduced. Furthermore, the integration of various natural and constructed stormwater management measures is discussed and the framework for the planning of urban natural stormwater infrastructures at watershed levels is outlined. Profiting from lessons and experiences of western developed countries in the process of urbanization, this study proposes that planning a stormwater infrastructure system which best mimic the natural hydrologic conditions should be the first step for the planning and developing of urban environment.