日本政治文化中的“大义名分”与公私观念

“Principle of Right and Wrong” and Public- private Concept in Japanese Political Culture

"大义名分"和公私观念是日本政治中的核心观念。"大义名分"在日本多取"君臣之道"之意,且多用于幕府权利衰落或对外扩张(二战)的动乱时代。其最终成为提高天皇世俗权力、呼吁天皇追从者的工具。在动乱结束,社会回归稳定以后,"大义名分"中的"君臣之道"就成为主从关系的宣传品或被另外一种"效忠"的思想观念所代替。这种"效忠"思想就是日本人传统公私观中"私"对"公"的"奉公"观念。

This article analyzed one function system in Japanese political culture as the history sequence with the clue of “principle of right and wrong” and “Public -oriented”concept in Japanese Public -private concept. After analysis, principle of right and wrong came from loyalty to emperor, and it was used mostly in the upheaval era of Shogunate or external expansion （the second world war）, and finally it became a tool to enhance Emperor＇s secular authority and appeal to followers. When the upheaval era cam~ to end, “loyalty to emperor” of“principle of right and wrong” became propaganda of owner -member relationship or replaced by another loyalty concept which was the “public -oriented” concept in Japanese traditional public -private con- cept