中德建筑节能情况对比及我国可持续建筑发展模式初探

Building Energy Efficiency Comparison between China and Germany and Model of Sustainable Building in China

随着建筑能耗占社会总能耗的比重越来越大,建筑节能势在必行。首先基于中国能耗现状,对中外居住建筑节能设计规范的发展历程进行对比;同时,以中国北京和德国维尔茨堡两个气候、纬度相接近的城市为例,从建筑物耗热量指标及围护结构传热系数限值等方面进行对比分析,指出目前中国建筑能耗大的原因及改进方向;最后通过分析被动式房屋在中国不同城市的适用性表明完全照搬国外节能建筑的模式是不适合中国国情的。挖掘中国传统民居所蕴含的气候响应技术,集中提高建筑本体节能潜力同时耦合集成被动式节能技术才是中国可持续建筑的发展模式。

With the large proportion of building energy consumption accounts, building energy efficiency is imperative. Based on the current situation of energy consumption in China, the development of residential building energy saving design standards of different countries were compared firstly. Meanwhile, taken Beijing in China and Wurzburg in Germany as examples, the comparative analysis on index of heat loss of building between two cities were carried out; then reasons of the huge building energy consumption and the improvement direction were proposed. Finally, by analyzing the applicability of passive houses in different cities in China, the results showed that total copy of foreign energy saving building model is not suitable for China. Model of energy saving house suited to domestic conditions are presented, which should focus on studying climate responsive technology in Chinese traditional houses, improving energy saving potential of building body and integrating passive energy saving technologies.