HPV相关性宫颈癌的研究现况

Research Status of Human Papillomavirus-Related Cervical Cancer

宫颈癌是世界范围内女性人群第二大常见的恶性肿瘤,宫颈癌患者中最主要的风险因素90%以上是早期有过人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染史。HPV疫苗接种是预防宫颈癌发病、降低病死率的有效方法。宫颈癌的危险因子包括生物学因素、行为因素、遗传易患性等。HPV筛查可选用宫颈巴氏涂片筛查、医师取样HPV检测等方法。该文就HPV相关宫颈癌的流行病学状况、基因分型、危险因子、疫苗研究进展及筛查方式等方面进行综述。

Cervical cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in the world,and the history of human papillomavirus（ HPV） infection is the most important risk factor of cervical cancer since 90% of the patients have the history in early stage. HPV vaccination is an effective method to prevent cervical cancer and reduce the mortality. Risk factors for cervical cancer include biological factors,behavioral factors,genetic susceptibility,etc. Cervical Pap smear screening,physician sampling HPV testing and other methods can be adopted for HPV screening. Here is to make a review of the epidemiology of HPV related cervical cancer,gene typing,risk factors,vaccine research progress and screening methods.